º«¹ú´«êÛÖƶȼ°Æä½è¼øºÍÆôʾ_´«Ã½ÂÛÎÄ·¢±í
ÆÚ¿¯Ä¿Â¼ÍøÐÂÎÅÂÛÎÄ·¢±í2011-08-29 08:06¹Ø×¢(1)
º«¹ú´«êÛÖƶȼ°Æä½è¼øºÍÆôʾ
½ðÁá
Õª Òª£º´«êÛÊǺ«¹úÌØÓеķ¿ÎÝ×âÁÞÖƶȡ£´«êÛÖƶȴٽøÁË·¿µØ²úµÄºÏÀíÀûÓúÍ×ʽðµÄ¿ìËÙÈÚͨ£¬ÓÐÖúÓÚ»º½âµÍÊÕÈë½×²ãµÄס·¿ÄÑÌâºÍÎȶ¨×¡·¿Êг¡¡£´«êÛÖƶȵĺÏÀí³É·Ö£¬¶ÔÓÚ¸ÄÉƺͽâ¾ö³ÇÕò¾ÓÃñµÄס·¿ÎÊÌâ¾ßÓÐÖØÒªµÄÆôʾºÍ½è¼øÒâÒå¡£
¹Ø¼ü´Ê£ºº«¹ú£»´«êÛ£»×âÁÞ£»·¿ÎÝ
×÷Õß¼ò½é£º½ðÁᣨ1988-£©£¬¼ªÁÖÑÓ¼ªÈË£¬º«¹úº«ÄÏ´óѧ½»»»Éú£¬Ö÷Òª´ÓʱȽϷ¨¼°º«¹úÃñÉÌ·¨Ñо¿¡£
º«¹úÓÐÒ»¸öÌرðµÄ·¿ÎÝ×âÁÞÖƶȣ¬³ÆΪ“´«êÛ”¡£“´«êÛ”ÊǺ«¹úÌØÓеÄÎïȨ/ծȨÖƶȡ£¼òµ¥µØ˵£¬“´«êÛ”¾ÍÊÇ·¿¿ÍÔÚÇ©Ô¼Èëסǰ½»¸ø·¿¶«Ò»¶¨¶î¶ÈµÄѺ½ð£¬“´«êÛ”ºÏͬÆÚÂúºó£¬·¿¶«Ôò½«È«²¿´«ê۽𷵻¹¸ø·¿¿Í¡£´«êÛºÏͬһ°ãÿÁ½ÄêÒ»¸öÖÜÆÚ£¬Ë«·½¿ÉÒÔÐÒéÐøÇ©¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬×î³õ½»µÄ´«êÛ½ðÊǺÏͬ±êµÄ·¿²ú¼Û¸ñµÄ60-70%¡£ÔÚ“´«êÛ”µÄÓÐЧºÏͬÆڼ䣬·¿¿Í²»ÐèÒªÔÙÏò·¿¶«½»Èκη¿×⣬·¿¶«ËäÈ»ÈöÉÁËÔÚÒ»¶Îʱ¼äÄÚµÄÕ¼ÓкÍʹÓ÷¿×ÓµÄȨÀû£¬Ôò»ñµÃÁ˶Դ«êÛ½ðµÄʹÓÃȨ¡£
Ò»¡¢´«ê۵ĸÅÄî¼°ÐÔÖÊ
´«êÛÊÇÖ¸£¬Ö§¸¶´«êÛ½ð²¢ÇÒ¸ù¾Ý²»¶¯²úµÄÓÃ;ʹÓá¢ÊÕÒæµÄ¹Øϵ¡£´«êÛÊǽöº«¹úÌØÓеģ¬ÊÇÔÚº«¹ú¸ß¶È·¢´ïµÄÏ°¹ßÉϵIJ»¶¯²úÌرðÊǽ¨ÖþÎï½è´ûµÄÐÎ̬¡£“´«êÛ”ÖеēêÛ”ÊÇÖ¸£¬“³ö×â¡¢³ö½è”¡£´«ê۵ķ¨ÂÉÐÔÖÊÊÇÌØÊâµÄ½è´û»òÕßÊÇÓнðÇ®Ïû·Ñ½è´ûµÄ»ìºÏÆõÔ¼¡£´«êÛºÍÒ»°ãµÄ½è´û²»Ò»ÑùµÄµØ·½ÊÇ£¬Æä±êµÄÎïΪ²»¶¯²ú¡£ÔÚº«¹ú£¬×âÁÞËûÈ˲»¶¯²úµÄ·½·¨ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ£¬“´«êÛ”ºÍ“ÔÂêÛ”¡£Ç°ÕßÖ÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ¾ÓסÓý¨ÖþÎïÉÏ£¬¶øºóÕßÓÃÓÚÓªÒµÓý¨ÖþÎïÉÏ¡£
¶ÔÓÚ´«êÛ×îÔçµÄ¼Ç¼ÊÇÔÚ¹ßÏ°µ÷²é±¨¸æÊéÖС£²¢ÇÒ¸ù¾Ýµ±³õ³¯Ïʸߵȷ¨ÔºµÄÅÐÀý£¬“´«êÛÊÇ´«êÛÆõÔ¼Öд«ÙBȨÈ˶ÔÏà¶Ô·½½»¸¶´«ê۽𣬲¢ÔÚËù¶¨Æڼ䣨´æÐøÆڼ䣩ÄÚ£¬Õ¼ÓС¢Ê¹ÓÃÏà¶Ô·½ËùÓеķ¿ÎÝ£¬ÒÔÏ໥ÏíÓмÒÁÞ£¨×âÁÞ£©¼°´«êÛ½ðµÄÀû×Ó£¨ÀûÏ¢£©ÎªÄÚÈݵÄË«ÎñÆõÔ¼”¡£¶ø¸ù¾Ý¹ßÏ°µ÷²é±¨¸æÊé¿ÉµÃÖª£¬“ÔÂêÛÊÇÒÔÿÔ½»¸¶×â½ðµÄ·½Ê½×âÁÞ·¿ÎÝ”¡£ÓëÔÂêÛÏà±È½Ï£¬´«êÛ±»¸ü¶àÈËËùÓã¬ÔÚ±£»¤Ë«·½ÀûÒæ·½Ãæ¸üΪƽºâ¡£
¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ303Ìõ¹æ¶¨£º´«ÙBȨÊÇÖ¸£¬´«ÙBȨÈËÖ§¸¶´«ê۽𣬲¢ÔÚÒ»¶¨ÆÚÏÞÄÚ¸ù¾Ý²»¶¯²úµÄÓÃ;ռÓС¢Ê¹Óá¢ÊÕÒ棬ÓÚ´«ÙBȨÏûÃðʱ£¬´«ÙBȨÈË·µ»¹²»¶¯²ú£¬²¢È¡µÃ´«êÛ½ðµÄȨÀû¡£¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ303ÌõµÚ2Ïî¹æ¶¨£º´«ÙBȨÒÔ²»¶¯²úΪ±êµÄÎũ¸ûµØ²»ÄÜ×÷Ϊ´«ÙBȨµÄ±êµÄÎï¡£
Ò»Ö±×÷Ϊϰ¹ß·¨¶øÁ÷´«ÏÂÀ´µÄ´«ÙBȨ£¬ÔÚÆä±»ÊÕÈëµ½ÎïȨ֮ºó£¬Ñ§Êõ½çÒ²¶Ô´«ÙBȨµÄ·¨¶¨ÐÔÖʲúÉú¹ýÐí¶àÕùÒé¡£¶àÊýÈËÈÏΪ£¬´«ÙBȨ¾ßÓÐÓÃÒæÎïȨºÍµ£±£ÎïȨÕâÁ½ÖÖ·¨ÂÉÐÔÖÊ£¨ÌØÊâÓÃÒæÎïȨ£©¡£ÓÃÒæÎïȨ˵ÈÏΪ£º´«ÙBȨÊÇ´¿´âµÄÓÃÒæÎïȨ£¬ÒòΪÆä±¾ÖÊÊÇʹÓá¢ÊÕÒæËûÈ˲»¶¯²úµÄȨÀû¡£µ£±£ÎïȨ˵ÈÏΪ£º´«ÙBȨµÄµ£±£ÎïȨµÄÐÔÖÊ¡£¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ318ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£º´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨Õß³ÙÑÓÂÄÐд«êÛ½ðµÄ·µ»¹£¬Ôò´«ÙBȨÈË¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÃñÊÂÖ´Ðз¨µÄ¹æ¶¨¶Ô´«ÙBȨµÄ±êµÄÎï½øÐÐÅÄÂô¡£ËäÈ»´«ÙBȨÈ˵ÄÅÄÂôÇëÇóȨûÓÐÓÅÏȵÄЧÁ¦£¬µ«´ÓÁ¢·¨¾«ÉñÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ½âÊÍ£¬ÔÚÈÎÒâÅÄÂôµÄ³¡ºÏ£¬¸ù¾Ý¡¶ÅÄÂô·¨¡·µÄ¹æ¶¨ÊÂʵÉÏÈ϶¨ÆäÓÅÏÈÊܳ¥µÄЧÁ¦¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ304Ìõ¡¢µÚ305ÌõÖ®¹æ¶¨£¬¶Ô´«ÙBȨÉÏÉ趨ÁË·¨¶¨µØÉÏȨºÍµØÒÛȨ£¬¿ÉÒÔµÃÖªÆäÉ趨µÄÄ¿µÄÊÇΪÁ˱£»¤±êµÄÎï²»¶¯²úµÄµ£±£¼ÛÖµ¡£ÌØÊâÓÃÒæÎïȨ˵ÈÏΪ£º´«êÛȨ¼È²»ÊôÓÚ´¿´âµÄÓÃÒæÎïȨ£¬Ò²²»ÊôÓÚ´¿´âµÄµ£±£ÎïȨ£¬¶øÊǼæÓÐÓÃÒæÎïȨºÍµ£±£ÎïȨµÄÐÔÖÊ¡£¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ303ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£º´«ÙBȨÈËÖ§¸¶´«ê۽𣬲¢ÔÚÒ»¶¨ÆÚÏÞÄÚ¸ù¾Ý²»¶¯²úµÄÓÃ;ռÓС¢Ê¹Óá¢ÊÕÒ棬ÓÚ´«ÙBȨÏûÃðʱ£¬´«ÙBȨÈË·µ»¹²»¶¯²ú£¬²¢È¡µÃ´«êÛ½ðµÄȨÀû¡£´«ÙBȨÈ˶Ըò»¶¯²úµÄ´«ê۽𣬽Ϻó˳λȨÀûÈ˼°ÆäËûծȨÈËÏíÓÐÓÅÏÈÊܳ¥È¨¡£
¶þ¡¢´«êÛȨµÄÈ¡µÃÓëЧÁ¦
£¨Ò»£©´«ÙBȨµÄÈ¡µÃ
´«ÙBȨµÄÈ¡µÃÓжàÖÖ£¬Èçµ±ÊÂÈËÖ®¼äµÄÆõÔ¼¡¢´«ÙBȨµÄµÇ¼Ç¡¢´«ÙBȨµÄÈÃÓëºÍ¼Ì³ÐµÈ¡£ÆäÖУ¬´«ÙBȨµÄÈ¡µÃÖ÷ÒªÊǸù¾Ýµ±ÊÂÈËÖ®¼äµÄÆõÔ¼¶øÉ趨´«ÙBȨ£¬²¢ÇÒÒԵǼǵķ½Ê½È·Á¢´«ÙBȨ¡£¶ø´«ÙBȨµÄÈÃÓëÈ¡µÃ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý´«ÙBȨÈ˵Äת´«êÛ¶øÈ¡µÃ¡£´«ÙBȨµÄ³ÉÁ¢Ó¦µ±¾ß±¸ÒÔϼ¸¸öÒª¼þ£¬¼´µ±ÊÂÈËÖ®¼äÉ趨´«ÙBȨÆõÔ¼¡¢µÇ¼ÇºÍ½»¸¶´«êÛ½ð¡£ÔÚʵ¼ùÖУ¬µÇ¼Ç½ö½öÊÇ×÷Ϊ·¨ÂÉÖеĹ涨£¬ºÜ¶àµ±ÊÂÈ˶¼ÓèÒÔÌӱܣ¬¶ø´«êÛ½ðµÄ½ð¶îÖ»ÓеǼDzÅÄܶԿ¹µÚÈýÈË£¬Òò´Ë´«êÛ½ðÖ»ÄÜÒÔծȨծÎñµÄ·½Ê½´æÔÚ¡£ÔÚº«¹úÅÐÀýÖУ¬¶¼ÒÔÖ§¸¶´«êÛ½ðΪ´«ÙBȨ³ÉÁ¢µÄÒª¼þ¡£
£¨¶þ£©´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆÚ¼ä
¶ÔÓÚ´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆڼ䣬ÔÔòÉÏÊÇÓɵ±ÊÂÈËÔ¼¶¨£¬µ«¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ312Ìõ¹æ¶¨£º´«êÛȨµÄ´æÐøÆÚ¼ä×²»Äܳ¬¹ýÊ®Äê¡£µ±ÊÂÕßÖ®¼ä£¬ÈôÔ¼¶¨ÆÚÏÞ³¬¹ýÊ®Ä꣬Ëõ¶ÌΪʮÄ꣺Èô´æÐøÆÚ¼ä½ìÂú£¬´«ÙBȨ¹éÓÚÏûÃðʱ£¬µ±ÊÂÈË¿ÉÒÔ±ä¸üÉ趨ÆõÔ¼£¬µ«×Ô¸üÐÂÖ®ÈÕÆ𲻵ó¬¹ýÊ®Äê¡££¨Èý£©´«ÙBȨµÄЧÁ¦
´«ÙBȨµÄЧÁ¦¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÄ¹æ¶¨¿É·ÖΪÒÔϼ¸ÖÖ£º
1.¶Ô½¨ÖþÎï´«ÙBȨ¡¢µØÒÛȨ¡¢×âÁÞȨµÄЧÁ¦
µÚÒ»£¬ÔÚ¶ÔÍÁµØÖ®ÉϽ¨ÖþÎïÉ趨´«ÙBȨʱ£¬´«ÙBȨµÄЧÁ¦¼°ÓÚ¸ÃÍÁµØÉϵĵØÒÛȨ»ò×âÁÞȨ¡£
µÚ¶þ£¬Ç°ÏîÇé¿öÏ£¬ÈôûÓд«ÙBȨÈ˵ÄͬÒ⣬´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨Õß²»ÄÜÐÐʹÏûÃðµØÉÏȨ»òÕß×âÁÞȨµÄÐÐΪ¡£
2.½¨ÖþÎïµÄ´«ÙBȨºÍ·¨¶¨µØÒÛȨ
µÚÒ»£¬ÍÁµØºÍ½¨ÖþÎïÊôÓÚͬһ¸öÈËËùÓÐʱ£¬¶Ô¸Ã½¨ÖþÎïÉ趨´«ÙBȨ£¬È϶¨ÆäÍÁµØËùÓÐȨµÄÌرð¼Ì³ÐÈ˶Դ«ÙBȨÈËÉ趨Á˵ØÒÛȨ
µÚ¶þ£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬Ç°ÏîÇé¿öÏ£¬ÍÁµØËùÓÐȨÕß²»ÄܶÔËûÈ˳ö×â»òÕßÒÔ³ö×âΪĿµÄÉ趨µØÒÛȨ»òÕß´«ÙBȨ¡£
£¨ËÄ£©´«ÙBȨµÄÏûÃð
´«ÙBȨµÄÏûÃð£¬ÔÚÎïȨ·¨¹æ¶¨µÄÏûÃðÊÂÓɵĻù´¡ÉÏ£¬ÁíÓÐÆäÌØÓеÄÏûÃðÊÂÓÉ¡£ÈçÎïȨ·¨Öй涨µÄ£¬±êµÄÎïµÄÃðʧ¡¢´«ÐøÆÚ¼ä½ìÂú¡¢ÏûÃðʱЧ¡¢»ìͬ¡¢ÍÁµØÕ÷Óá¢ÒòÓÅÏÈÓÚ´«ÙBȨµÄµÖѺȨµÄʵÏֵȣ¬ÊôÓÚÏûÃðµÄÒ»°ãÊÂÓÉ¡£ÁíÍ⣬´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßµÄÏûÃðÇëÇó¡¢´«ÙBȨµÄÏûÃðͨ¸æ¡¢´«ÙBȨµÄÅ×ÆúµÈ£¬¶¼¿ÉÒÔ³ÉΪÏûÃðÊÂÓÉ£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇ´«ÙBȨÏûÃðµÄÌØÊâÊÂÓÉ¡£
1.´«ÙBȨµÄÏûÃðÇëÇó¡£´«ÙBȨÈËÎ¥·´´«ÙBȨÉ趨µÄÆõÔ¼»òÕß²»ÒÔ²»¶¯²úµÄÓÃ;ʹÓá¢ÊÕÒæµÄ£¬´«ÙBȨÉ趨Õß¿ÉÒÔÇëÇóÏûÃð´«ÙBȨ¡£²¢ÇÒ´«ÙBȨÉ趨Õß¿ÉÒÔ¶Ô´«ÙBȨÈËÇëÇó»Ö¸´Ô×´ºÍËðº¦Åâ³¥¡£´«ÙBȨÈËÎ¥·´É趨ÆõÔ¼µÄÇé¿öÓУºÆõÔ¼Ã÷ÎĹ涨½ûÖ¹ÈÃÓë¡¢É趨µ£±£¡¢×ª´«êÛ¡¢×âÁ޵ģ¬´«ÙBȨÈ˶øΪ֮£»´«ÙBȨÈËÓÐά³Ö¡¢ÐÞÉÉÒåÎñ¶ø²»ÎªÖ®¡£
2.ÏûÃðͨ¸æ¡£´«ÙBȨÓÚÉ趨ʱδÉ趨´æÐøÆÚ¼äµÄ£¬µ±ÊÂÈËÔÚÈκÎʱºò¶¼¿ÉÒÔÏòÏà¶Ô·½·¢³öÏûÃð´«ÙBȨµÄͨ¸æ£¬Ïà¶Ô·½×ÔÊÕµ½Í¨¸æÖ®ÈÕÆð¾¹ý6¸öÔÂÆڼ䣬´«ÙBȨ¹éÓÚÏûÃð¡£
3.Òò²»¿É¿¹Á¦ÒýÆðµÄÃðʧ¡£´«ÙBȨµÄ±êµÄÎïÈ«²¿»òÕß²¿·ÖÒò²»¿É¿¹Á¦¶øÃðʧµÄ£¬ÆäÃðʧ²¿·ÖµÄ´«ÙBȨ¹éÓÚÏûÃ𡣶ÔÓÚ²¿·ÖÃðʧµÄÇé¿ö£¬´«ÙBȨÈ˾ÍÆäÊ£Óಿ·Ö²»ÄÜ´ï³É´«ÙBȨµÄÄ¿µÄʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¶Ô´«ÙBȨÉ趨Õß½øÐд«ÙBȨȫ²¿ÃðʧµÄͨ¸æ£¬²¢ÇëÇó´«êÛ½ðµÄ·µ»¹¡£
Èý¡¢µ±ÊÂÈ˵ÄȨÀûÒåÎñ
£¨Ò»£©´«ÙBȨÈ˵ÄȨÀûÒåÎñ
1.´«êÛȨÈ˵ÄȨÀû£º
£¨1£©Õ¼ÓС¢Ê¹Óá¢ÊÕÒæ´«êÛȨ±êµÄÎïµÄȨÀû£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ303ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«ÙBȨÈËÖ§¸¶´«ê۽𣬲¢ÔÚÒ»¶¨ÆÚÏÞÄÚ¸ù¾Ý²»¶¯²úµÄÓÃ;ռÓС¢Ê¹Óá¢ÊÕÒæ¡£
£¨2£©ÓÅÏÈÊܳ¥È¨£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ303ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«êÛȨÈ˶ÔÓÚ´«êÛ½ðµÄ·µ»¹½Ïºó˳λµÄծȨÈËÓÐÓÅÏÈÊܳ¥È¨¡£
£¨3£©¶Ô±êµÄÎïµÄ´¦·ÖȨ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ306ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«êÛȨÈ˶ԱêµÄÎï²»¶¯²úÓÐת´«êÛ¡¢ÈÃÓë¡¢×âÁÞ¡¢É趨µÖѺµÈ´¦·ÖȨÀû£¬µ«ÊÇ´«êÛȨÓÚÉ趨ʱ½ûÖ¹ÕâЩȨÀûµÄ³ýÍâ¡£
£¨4£©ÓÐÒæ·ÑÓó¥»¹ÇëÇóȨ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ310ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«êÛȨÈËÒÔ¸ÄÁ¼±êµÄÎï²»¶¯²úΪĿµÄ£¬¶Ô´ËÖ§³öµÄ·ÑÓü°ÆäËûÓÐÒæ·ÑÓÿÉÒÔÏò²»¶¯²úËùÓÐÈËÇëÇó³¥»¹¡£
£¨5£©´«êÛ½ðÔö¼õÇëÇóȨ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ312ÌõÖ®2µÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«êÛ½ðÒòΪ±êµÄ²»¶¯²úµÄ×âË°¡¢×â½ð»òÕßÆäËû·ÑÓõÄÌá¸ß£¬ÓÖ»òÕßÒò¾¼ÃÊÂÓɵı䶯ʹ´«êÛ½ðµÄ¶î¶È±äµÃ²»ºÏÀí£¬Ôòµ±ÊÂÕß¿ÉÒÔÇëÇóÔö¼Ó´«êÛ½ðµÄ¶î¶È¡£µ«ÊÇÕâ¸ö¶î¶È²»Äܳ¬¹ý´óͳÁìÁîËù¹æ¶¨µÄ¶î¶È¡£
£¨6£©´«ÙBȨ±êµÄ¸½ÊôÎïÊÕÂòÇëÇóȨ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ316ÌõµÚ2ÏîµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬Èô´«ÙBȨÈ˾´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßµÄͬÒâ¶Ô´«êÛȨ±êµÄÎïÉÏÉèÓи½ÊôÎïʱ£¬Ôò´«ÙBȨÈË¿ÉÒÔÏò´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßÇëÇóÊÕÂò¸½ÊôÎͬÑùÊÊÓÃÓÚ¸½ÊôÎïÊÇ´Ó´«ÙBȨÉ趨Õß¹ºÂòµÄÇé¿ö¡£
£¨7£©ÅÄÂôÇëÇóȨ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ318ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«ÙBȨÉ趨Õß³ÙÑÓÂÄÐд«ÙB½ðµÄ·µ»¹£¬Ôò´«ÙBȨÈË¿ÉÒÔÇëÇóÅÄÂô´«ÙBȨµÄ±êµÄÎï¡£
£¨8£©ÎïÉÏÇëÇóȨ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ319Ìõ×¼Óù涨£¬µÚ213Ìõ£¨ËùÓÐÎï·µ»¹ÇëÇóȨ£©¡¢µÚ214Ìõ£¨ËùÓÐÎïÏû³ý·Á°¡¢Ô¤·À·Á°ÇëÇóȨ£©¡¢µÚ216Ìõ£¨ÏàÁÚµØʹÓÃÇëÇóȨ£©ºÍµÚ244Ìõ£¨¶ÔµØÏÂÉèÊ©µÈµÄÏÞÖÆ£©£¬ÕâЩ¹æ¶¨Ê¹ÓÃÓÚ´«ÙBȨÈËÖ®¼ä»òÕßÁÚµØËùÓÐÕß¼°µØÉÏȨÕßÓë´«ÙBȨÈËÖ®¼ä¡£
2.´«ÙBȨÈ˵ÄÒåÎñ£º
£¨1£©Ö§¸¶´«êÛ½ðµÄÒåÎñ£ºÕâÊÇÒ»Ïî»ù±¾ÒåÎñ£¬Ö»Óд«ÙBȨÈËÖ§¸¶´«ê۽𣬲ſÉÒÔÕ¼ÓС¢Ê¹Óá¢ÊÕÒæ¸Ã±êµÄÎï¡£
£¨2£©Î¬³ÖÐÞÉɵÄÒåÎñ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ309ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«ÙBȨÈËÓ¦µ±Î¬³Ö±êµÄÎïÏÖ×´£¬²¢ÇÒ¶ÔÆä½øÐÐÐÞÉÉ¡£´«ÙBȨÈËÎ¥·´´ËÒåÎñµÄ£¬´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨ÈË¿ÉÒ²ÒÔ¸ù¾ÝµÚ311ÌõµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬Ïò´«ÙBȨÈËÇëÇóÏûÃð´«ÙBȨ£¬²¢ÇÒÒªÇó»Ö¸´Ô×´ºÍÅâ³¥Ëðʧ¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸ù¾ÝµÚ315Ìõ¹æ¶¨£¬´«ÙBȨÈËÎ¥·´ÐÞÉÉÒåÎñ¶ø·¢Éú±êµÄÎï»ÙËð¡¢ÃðʧµÈÇéÐεģ¬Ó¦ÓÉ´«ÙBȨÈ˸ºÅâ³¥ÔðÈΡ£
£¨3£©»Ö¸´Ô×´µÄÒåÎñ£ºÒÀ¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ316ÌõµÚ1ÏîµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆÚ¼ä½ìÂú¹éÓÚÏûÃðʱ£¬´«ÙBȨÈËÓ¦¶Ô¸Ã±êµÄÎï»Ö¸´Ô×´¡£ÁíÍâ±êµÄÎïÉÏÉèÓи½ÊôÎïµÄ£¬´«ÙBȨÈË¿ÉÒÔ»ØÊÕ£¬µ«ÊÇÈç¹û´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨ÕßÌá³öÊÕÂòµÄÒªÇó£¬ÎÞÕýµ±ÀíÓÉÔò²»Äܾܾø¡£ÓÉ´Ë¿´³ö£¬µÚ316ÌõÊÇ´«ÙBȨÈ˺ʹ«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßÖ®¼äÏ໥ÖÆÔ¼µÄÌõ¿î¡£¶ÔÓÚ¸½ÊôÎÏ໥ÏíÓÐÊÕÂòµÄÇëÇóȨ¡£
£¨¶þ£©´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßµÄȨÀûÒåÎñ
1.´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßµÄȨÀû£º
£¨1£©´«êÛȨ±êµÄÎï´¦·ÖȨ£º×÷Ϊ±êµÄÎïËùÓÐÈË£¬±ØÈ»¶ÔÆäÏíÓд¦·ÖȨ¡£
£¨2£©´«êÛÎ︽ÊôÎïÊÕÂòÇëÇóȨ£ºÕýÈç֮ǰËù˵£¬´«ÙBȨÈ˲»½ö¶Ô¸½ÊôÎïÏíÓÐÊÕÂòÇëÇóȨ£¬´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßÒ²¶Ô¸½ÊôÎïÏíÓÐÊÕÂòÇëÇóȨ¡£
2.´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßµÄÒåÎñ£º´«ÙBȨ´æÐøÆÚ¼ä½ìÂú¹éÓÚÏûÃðºó£¬´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßÒª·µ»¹´«ÙBȨÈ˵Ĵ«êÛ½ð¡£
ËÄ¡¢´«ÙBȨµÄÓŵ㼰Æä¾ÖÏÞ
£¨Ò»£©´«ÙBȨµÄÓŵã
1.´æÐøÆÚ¼äµÄ¿É±ä¸üÐÔ
º«¹úÃñ·¨½«´«ÙBȨµÄÆÚ¼ä¹æ¶¨Îª´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆڼ䣬ÔÚµ±ÊÂÈËÔ¼¶¨´æÐøÆÚ¼äµÄ£¬³ýÁ˵±ÊÂÈËÓиüеÄÒâ˼±íʾÍ⣬´æÐøÆÚ¼äÒ»¾½ìÂú£¬Ôò´«ÙBȨ¹éÓÚÏûÃð¡£´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆÚ¼ä¸ù¾Ý¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ312ÌõµÚ3Ïî¹æ¶¨£º´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨¿ÉÒÔ¸üУ¬µ«ÊÇÆäÆÚ¼ä´Ó¸üÐÂÖ®ÈÕÆ𲻵ó¬¹ýÊ®Äê¡£ÔÚʵ¼ùÖУ¬´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆÚ¼äÒ»°ãÉ趨Ϊ1ÖÁ2Ä꣬Æä¶ÌÆÚÀûÓÃÂʽ϶࣬ÕâÑùÒ»À´²»½ö¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß½¨ÖþÎïµÄÀûÓöȣ¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ˵ȷʵ±£ÕÏÁË´«ÙBȨÉ趨Õߺʹ«ÙBȨÕßµÄË«·½ÀûÒæ¡£
2.ÓÐÀûÓÚ¸üºÃµØ·¢»Ó±êµÄÎïµÄʹÓüÛÖµ
¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ312ÌõµÚ4Ïî¹æ¶¨£º½¨ÖþÎïµÄ´«ÙBȨÉ趨ÕßÔÚ´«ÙBȨ´æÐøÆÚ¼ä½ìÂúÇ°6¸öÔµ½1¸öÔµÄÆÚ¼äÄÚ£¬ÈôûÓжԴ«ÙBȨÕß×÷³ö±ä¸ü¾Ü¾ø»òÕß²»¸Ä±äÌõ¼þÔò²»ÈÏΪÊǸüеÄ֪ͨ£¬ÆÚ¼äÒ»µ©½ìÂú£¬Ôò±»¿´×öÊÇͬǰ´«ÙBȨͬһµÄÌõ¼þ¶øÖØÐÂÉ趨´«ÙBȨ¡£ÕâÖÖÇé¿ö£¬ÈÏΪ´«ÙBȨµÄ´æÐøÆÚ¼äûÓÐÉ趨¡£
Õâ¸ö¹æ¶¨£¬Èç¹û´«ÙBȨÕßÉ趨ÌØÊâµÄ´«ÙBȨ±êµÄÎ¼ÌÐøʹÓý¨ÖþÎï²»½öÓÐÀûÓÚÌá¸ß½¨ÖþÎïµÄÀûÓöȣ¬Ò²ÓÐÀûÓÚÉç»á¾¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£
£¨¶þ£©´«ÙBȨµÄ¾ÖÏÞ
1.·¨ÂÉÐÔÖʲ»Ã÷È·
¹ØÓÚÈçºÎ½âÊÍ´«ÙBȨµÄ·¨ÂÉÐÔÖÊ£¬Ñ§Õß¼ä´æÔÚ×Å·ÖÆç¡£ÔÚÏÖʵÉú»îÖУ¬Õ®È¨ÐԵĴ«ÙBȨ¸üÓÅÏÈʹÓÃÓÚÎïȨÐÔ´«ÙBȨ¡£ÎïȨÐÔ´«ÙBȨËäÈ»ÓÐÏêϸµÄ¹æ¶¨£¬µ«½öÏÞÓÚȨÀûÉÏ£»Ïà·´£¬¶ÔÓÚծȨÐÔ´«ÙBȨº«¹úÃñ·¨Öлù±¾Ã»ÓÐ×ö³ö¹æ¶¨£¬Òò´ËÎÞ·¨È·Êµ±£ÕϾ¼ÃÉϵÄÈõÕß¡£
2.¹¦Äܵ¥Ò»
´«ÙBȨÒòÆÚÏÞ½ìÂú¹éÓÚÏûÃðʱ£¬´«ÙBȨÉ趨È˸ºÓзµ»¹´«êÛ½ðµÄÒåÎñ¡£²»¶¯²ú×÷Ϊ´«ÙBȨµÄ±êµÄÎÆäËùÓÐȨ×ÔʼÊôÓÚ´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨Õߣ¬ÆÚ¼ä½ìÂúºó´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨ÕßÈôûÓзµ»¹´«ê۽𣬴«ÙBȨÈËÒ²ÎÞ·¨È¡µÃÆä±êµÄÎïµÄËùÓÐȨ£¬½ö¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÉêÇëÅÄÂô¶øµÃµ½ÓÅÏÈÊܳ¥¶øÒÑ¡£Òò´Ë¹¦ÄÜÉϵĵ¥Ò»£¬¿ÉÄܻ᲻ÀûÓÚ´«ÙBȨÕßµÄÀûÒæ¡£
3.·çÏÕ¸ºµ£ÓëÆڼ䲻ºÏÀí
¡¶º«¹úÃñ·¨¡·µÚ314ÌõÖÐÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨Òò²»¿É¿¹Á¦¶øÒýÆðÃðʧµÄ·çÏÕÎÊÌâ¡£Òò²»¿É¿¹Á¦Ôì³ÉµÄ·çÏÕ¶¼ÓÉ´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨Õ߸ºµ££¬¿ÉÄÜ»áÓ°ÏìÉ趨ÕßÈÚ×ʵȣ¬µ¼ÖÂÉ趨Õß¾¼ÃÉÏÖÜת²»Áé¶øÏÝÈëÀ§¾³¡£
Îå¡¢´«ÙBȨ¶ÔÎÒ¹úÁ¢·¨µÄÆôʾ
ΪÁËÎȶ¨Öйú·¿µØ²úÊг¡Æ½ÎÈ·¢Õ¹£¬È·Êµ¸ÄÉƺͽâ¾ö³ÇÕò¾ÓÃñµÄס·¿ÎÊÌ⣬½è¼øº«¹úµÄ´«ÙBȨÖƶÈÓÐ×Ų»¿ÉºöÂÔµÄÒâÒå¡£
Ê×ÏÈ£¬³ÇÊÐÈË¿ÚÔ½À´Ô½Ãܼ¯£¬ÈËÃÇƽ¾ùÏíÓеÄÍÁµØƽ·½ÊýÒ²ËæÖ®¼õÉÙ£¬ÌرðÔÚ´ó³ÇÊУ¬·×·×Ó¿ÏÖ³ö“·¿Å«”“ÎϾӔµÈÏÖÏó¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚÖйú½è¼øºÍ·¢Õ¹´«ÙBȨÖƶȿÉÒÔÔÚÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉϽâ¾ö³ÇÊÐÈË¿Ú¾ÓסµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
Æä´Î£¬·¿ÎݵÄËùÓÐȨһֱÊôÓÚ´«ÙBȨµÄÉ趨Õߣ¬¶ÔÓÚ·¿¼ÛÉÏÕǵIJ¿·Ö»¹¿ÉÒÔÖ÷ÕÅÔö¼ÓÆä¶î¶È£¬²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÀûÓô«êÛ½ðÈ¥ÈÚ×Ê¡¢Í¶×Ê¡£
×îºó£¬¶ÔÓÚ´«ÙBȨÈË£¬ÔÚ¶Ô·¿ÎÝÏíÓд«ÙBȨʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓá¢ÊÕÒæ¡¢ÈÃÓë¡¢×âÁÞ»òÕßÉ趨µÖѺ£¬¶¼²»ÊÜ·¿ÎÝËùÓÐÈ˵ĸÉÉæ¡£ÕâôһÀ´£¬´«ÙBȨÈËÏíÓгýËùÓÐȨÒÔÍâµÄËùÓÐȨÀû£¬±È×âÁÞ¸ü¼Ó±£ÕÏÁË´«ÙBȨÈ˵ĺϷ¨ÀûÒæ¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
[1][º«]Òü´ó³É.´«ÙBȨ·¨µÄÑо¿[D].³É¾ù¹Ý´óѧ´óѧԺ²©Ê¿Ñ§Î»ÂÛÎÄ£¬1987:222.
[2][º«]½ðÈݺº.´«ÙBȨµÄ±¾Öʺͼ¼ÄÜ£¬²Æ²ú·¨µÄ¿ÎÌâºÍÅÐÀý[M].²©Ó¢É磬1989:100.
[3][º«]½ð»ùÉÆ.º«¹úÎïȨ·¨[M].·¨ÎÄÉ磬1985:229.
º«¹ú´«êÛÖƶȼ°Æä½è¼øºÍÆôʾ_´«Ã½ÂÛÎÄ·¢±íÏà¹ØÂÛÎÄ£º
ÉÏһƪ£ºÇ³Ì¸ÈçºÎÌáÁ¶ÐÂÎűêÌâ_ÐÂÎÅÂÛÎÄ·¢±í
ÏÂһƪ£ºÐÂÎŲ¥ÒôÖеÄÇé¸Ð°ÑÎÕÂÛÎÄ
- µ±´ú´«²¥ºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ÐÂýÌåÑо¿ÔÓÖ¾ÔÚÏßÕ÷¸åʱ¼äÏÞÖÆÒªÇóºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- Ò§ÎĽÀ×ÖÉϺ£ÎÄѧÆÚ¿¯ÈóÉ«ºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ¡¶½ü´úÊ·Ñо¿¡·ÎÄÊ·ÆÚ¿¯ÂÛÎĺËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ÓïÑÔÓë·Òë(ººÎÄ°æ)ÔÓÖ¾Éç±à¼²¿Í¶¸åÓÊÏäÊǶàÉÙºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ´óÎę̀ÎÄѧÒÕÊõÂÛÎÄͶ¸åºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ±±¾©µçӰѧԺѧ±¨µçÓ°ÒÕÊõÂÛÎÄÊ×Ñ¡ÆÚ¿¯ºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ¹óÑôÎÄÊ·ÀúÊ·ÂÛÎÄ·¢±íºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ¿¼¹ÅÔÓÖ¾³É¹¦Í¶¸åÂÛÎIJéѯºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ÀúÊ·½ÌѧºËÐÄÆÚ¿¯
- ÐÂýÌåÑо¿ÔÓÖ¾ÔÚÏßÕ÷¸åʱ¼äÏÞÖÆÒªÇó
- ±±¾©µçӰѧԺѧ±¨µçÓ°ÒÕÊõÂÛÎÄÊ×Ñ¡ÆÚ¿¯
- ¿¼¹ÅÔÓÖ¾³É¹¦Í¶¸åÂÛÎIJéѯ
- ÀúÊ·½Ìѧ
- ¡¶ÒÕÊõÆÀÂÛ¡·ÄÏ´óºËÐÄÎÄѧÆÚ¿¯ÂÛÎÄͶ¸å
- ¡¶Ãñ×åÒÕÊõ¡·ºËÐÄÎÄѧÆÚ¿¯·¢±í
- ¡¶É½¶«Ê¦·¶´óѧÍâ¹úÓïѧԺѧ±¨(»ù´¡Ó¢Óï½ÌÓý)¡·ÎÄѧÆÚ¿¯·¢±í
- ɽ¶«Í¼Êé¹Ýѧ¿¯ÔÓ־Ͷ¸åµµ°¸×¨ÒµÂÛÎÄ
- ÌÕ´ÉÑо¿½Î÷ÌÕ´ÉÈóÉ«Õ÷¸å
- ʱ´ú³±ÔÓÖ¾ÈËÃñÈÕ±¨¹úÄÚÕþÖβ¿Ö÷°ì¿¯Îï
- A¡¢B¡¢CÀàÆÚ¿¯Ö¸µÄÊÇʲô
- ¹ØÓÚ²â»æÀàµÄ¿¯ÎïÓÐÄÄЩ
- º¸½ÓÀàÎÄÕÂÒ»°ã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄÄЩÆÚ¿¯Í¶¸å
- ÓÐÉ«½ðÊôÆÚ¿¯ÓÐÄÄЩ
- ºþÄÏʦ·¶´óѧ½ÌÓý¿Æѧѧ±¨¿ÉÒÔ·¢±íÂÛÎÄÂð
- ¹¤Òµ½¨Öþ·¢±íÂÛÎÄ¿ÉÒÔÂð
- ÖйúÊг¡ÔÓÖ¾¿ÉÒÔÆÀÖ°³ÆÂð
- »á¼ÆÑо¿ÊÇc¿¯Âð
- Ìì½ò»¤ÀíÊǺËÐÄÆÚ¿¯Âð
- »·¾³¿ÆѧÓë¼¼ÊõÆÚ¿¯ÊÇʲô¼¶±ð
- ÆÀ¸ß¹¤Ö°³ÆÐèÒª·¢±í¼¸ÆªÂÛÎÄ
- Å©ÒµÖ°³ÆµÄרҵÓÐÄÄЩ
- ¿çרҵÆÀÖ°³ÆµÄÒªÇóÓÐʲô
- Ò½Éú½úÉý¸±¸ß´ð±çÐèÒªµÄ²ÄÁÏ
- ½»Í¨ÔËÊ乤³Ìרҵ¼¼ÊõÖ°³ÆÆÀÉóÌõ¼þ
- ¸öÈËרÀû¶ÔÖ°³ÆÓÐʲôÓÃÂð
- ½úÉýÖ°³Æ´ð±çÓ¦¸ÃÔõô׼±¸
- Öм¶Ö°³ÆÆÀÉó´ð±ç³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
- Ë®ÀûË®µç³õ¼¶Ö°³ÆÒªÇó
- ¹²Í¬µÚÒ»×÷ÕßÆÀÖ°³ÆÓÐÓÃÂð